I am unable to answer many of your questions directly, but I do have some thoughts.
Recently I read an article by Brooks Jensen who is co-owner of LensWork, which is based in the US and publishes fine art photography both online and in magazine form. In 2006 via his Brook Jensen Arts website (
http://www.brooksjensenarts.com), he was content to sell 8 x 10 prints for $20 (plus postage and packaging) on the basis that it was better to sell in quantity than occasional prints at much higher prices. The website is still there, but does not appear to be active at present, so perhaps even this "pile 'em high, sell 'em cheap" policy did not work. By our standards, Brooks Jensen is well known on account of LensWork, which makes it all the more discouraging.
Jensen did make the point that it is very hard to make a living purely from fine art photography and most practitioners also undertake commercial work, run courses and anything else they can do to pay the bills. Despite his fame, even Ansel Adams was financially insecure for most of his life and was often a jobbing photographer. He sold his last prints in 1975 at about $500 apiece, which is roughly $2000 at today's prices. More than once, I have photographers who knew Adams lamenting that they could have bought an original of Moonrise, Henandez printed by the master himself for $500. Now look what they go for -
http://www.afterimagegallery.com/featureadams.htm. Of course, some things have changed since then and nowadays there is greater acceptance of photography as an artistic medium, although that has helped encourage others to enter the market and, at best, keep the supply and demand equation the same.
That's the bad news, but there are a number of options, some of which you have already touched on.
- Create a website
- Sell at art markets
- Hold an exhibition
- Give talks, not just to camera clubs, but other organisations to promote your photography. Both are selling opportunities.
- Publish a book using one of the print on demand services
- Use social media as a promotional tool
- Write a blog and update it regularly
Apart from direct to the public sales, which will always be tricky for an unknown photographer, other methods include.
- Picture libraries
- Selling to magazines, both consumer and in house
- Enter competitions - success gets you both free kit and recognition
- Shoot weddings - if you are brave enough!
- Teach photography
Work hard enough at it and you might reach these dizzy heights -
http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/gallery/2011/nov/12/worlds-most-expensive-photographs-in-pictures - although I am not certain how many photographers actually received these prices for their work. I suspect in many instances the images were being resold by a previous owner.